This lab was stablished in 2040 BS (1983 AD) as a laboratory for controlling foot-and-mouth disease. This laboratory has been transformed into the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Epizootic Disease Laboratory since 2061/62 BS (2004/2005 AD). Since its establishment, this laboratory has been conducting foot-and-mouth disease diagnosis. Additionally, it has been identifying other nationally significant transboundary animal diseases such as classical swine fever (hog cholera) and bluetongue disease.

Between 2001 and 2010, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 were identified, with prevalence rates of 14.545%, 0.475%, and 2.545% respectively. Serotype C was last observed in 2047/48 BS (1990/91 AD) and has not been seen since 2051/52 BS (1994/095 AD).The circulating FMDV serotype since F/Y 2078/079 to 2080/081 was only serotype O. However, serotype A was confirmed in F/Y 2081/082.

This laboratory actively participates in the OIE and SAARC Progressive Control Pathway for managing foot-and-mouth disease in the SAARC region. It collects serum samples from animals in regions where outbreaks haven't been confirmed and vaccinations haven't been administered, conducting NSP ELISA tests. Additionally, it collects serum samples from vaccinated animals for antibody ELISA tests and conducts seromonitoring for classical swine fever.